Imitha yemisebe ephathwayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-radiation detector ephathwa ngesandla, iyithuluzi eliphathekayo elisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokubona ukuba khona kwemisebe endaweni ezungezile.Lawa madivayisi angamathuluzi abalulekile ochwepheshe abasebenza emikhakheni efana namandla enuzi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuqapha indawo ezungezile, nezimpendulo eziphuthumayo, kanye nakubantu abakhathazekile mayelana nokuchayeka emisebeni okungaba khona.
Ngakho, kanjani aimitha yemisebe ephathwayoumsebenzi?Lezi zisetshenziswa zisebenza ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokutholwa nokulinganisa kwemisebe.Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamamitha emisebe aphathwa ngesandla, ngalinye lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene ukuthola nokulinganisa imisebe.Olunye uhlobo oluvamile umtshina we-Geiger-Muller (GM), ohlanganisa ishubhu eligcwele igesi elikhiqiza ishayela likagesi lapho imisebe ihlangana nama-molecule egesi ngaphakathi kweshubhu.Olunye uhlobo umtshina we-scintillation, esebenzisa ikristalu ekhipha ukukhanya lapho ishaywa izinhlayiya zemisebe.Ukwengeza, izitholi ze-semiconductor, njengalezo ezisebenzisa i-silicon noma i-germanium, nazo zisetshenziswa kumamitha emisebe aphathwayo.
Uma imisebe ihlangana nomtshina, ikhiqiza isignali esuke icutshungulwe bese iboniswa esikrinini sedivayisi.Ukufundwa kuvame ukufaka isilinganiso sethamo lemisebe, elivezwa ngamayunithi afana nama-microsieverts ngehora (µSv/h), kanye nesamba somthamo oqoqiwe esikhathini esithile.Amanye amamitha emisebe aphethwe ngesandla angase anikeze ulwazi mayelana nohlobo lwemisebe etholiwe, njenge-alpha, beta, noma imisebe ye-gamma.
Ngaphezu kokuthola nokulinganisa imisebe, amamitha emisebe aphathwa ngesandla aklanyelwe ukuba asebenziseke kalula futhi aphatheke.Ahlome ngezici ezihlukahlukene ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula.Amamodeli amaningi anomklamo ohlangene futhi ongasindi, okwenza kube lula ukuwaphatha nokusebenza kuzilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene.Ngokuvamile zihlanganisa isibonisi sedijithali esibonisa amazinga emisebe esikhathi sangempela, kanye nama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo ukuze axwayise umsebenzisi ngamaleveli emisebe angaba yingozi.Amanye amadivayisi futhi anikezela ngamakhono wokungena idatha, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi barekhode futhi bahlaziye izilinganiso zemisebe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izicelo zeamamitha emisebe ephathwayozihlukahlukene futhi zibanzi.Embonini yamandla enuzi, lawa madivaysi asetshenziselwa ukuqapha amazinga emisebe ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye naphakathi kokuthuthwa kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe.Ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, baqashwe ukukala ukuvezwa kwemisebe ezinqubweni zokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha neziguli.Ama-ejensi aqapha imvelo asebenzisa amamitha emisebe ephathwayo ukuze ahlole amazinga emisebe endaweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithintwe izingozi zenuzi noma ukungcoliswa kwemisebe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezimo eziphuthumayo bathembele kule mishini ukuze bahlole izingozi zemisebe phakathi nezigameko ezifana nezingozi zezimboni, izinhlekelele zemvelo, noma izenzo zobuphekula ezibandakanya izinto ezikhipha imisebe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba amamitha emisebe ephathwayo engamathuluzi abalulekile okuthola nokulinganisa imisebe, awathathi indawo yezinqubo ezifanele zokuphepha emisebeni nezindlela zokuvikela.Abasebenzisi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwalezi zisetshenziswa futhi baqonde imikhawulo yamamitha emisebe aphathwayo ezindaweni ezihlukene zemisebe.Ukwengeza, ukulinganisa okuvamile nokunakekelwa kwamadivayisi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe izilinganiso ezinembile nezithembekile.
Ekuphetheni,amamitha emisebe ephathwayoidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ezingozini ezingase zibe khona emisebeni ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zochwepheshe nezomuntu siqu.Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubona obuthuthukisiwe nezici ezisebenziseka kalula, lawa madivaysi aphathekayo anika amandla abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ukuthi baqaphe futhi baphendule ezingozini zemisebe ngempumelelo.Ukuqonda ukuthi amamitha emisebe aphathwa ngesandla kanye nezicelo zawo kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuphepha emisebeni nokuvikela impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-20-2024