Izinhlobo zemisebe Engena-ionizing
Ezinye izibonelo zemisebe engeyona i-ionizing ukukhanya okubonakalayo, amaza omsakazo, nama-microwaves (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Imisebe engeyona i-ionizing imisebe yamandla ephansi engenawo amandla anele okudonsa ama-electron kuma-athomu noma kuma-molecule, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyindaba noma ezintweni eziphilayo.Nokho, amandla ayo angenza lawo ma- molecule anyakaze futhi akhiqize ukushisa.Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, indlela amahhavini e-microwave asebenza ngayo.
Kubantu abaningi, imisebe engeyona i-ionizing ayenzi ingozi empilweni yabo.Kodwa-ke, izisebenzi ezithintana njalo nemithombo ethile yemisebe engeyona i-ionizing zingadinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, ngokwesibonelo, ekushiseni okukhiqizwayo.
Ezinye izibonelo zemisebe engeyona i-ionizing zihlanganisa amaza omsakazo nokukhanya okubonakalayo.Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuwuhlobo lwemisebe engeyona i-ionizing iso lomuntu elingayibona.Futhi amaza omsakazo awuhlobo lwemisebe engeyona i-ionizing engabonakali emehlweni ethu nakwezinye izinzwa, kodwa engaqoshwa ngemisakazo evamile.
Imisebe ye-ionizing
Ezinye izibonelo zemisebe ye-ionizing zihlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha umdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-gamma, ama-X-ray, kanye nemisebe ekhishwa ezintweni ezikhipha imisebe esetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Imisebe ye-ionizing iwuhlobo lwemisebe yamandla anjalo angakwazi ukukhipha ama-electron kuma-athomu noma ama-molecule, abangela izinguquko ezingeni le-athomu lapho exhumana nodaba kuhlanganise nezinto eziphilayo.Izinguquko ezinjalo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-ion (ama-athomu ashajwe ngogesi noma ama-molecule) - yingakho igama elithi "ionizing" emisebeni.
Ngemithamo ephezulu, imisebe ye-ionizing ingalimaza amaseli noma izitho emizimbeni yethu noma ibangele nokufa.Ngokusetshenziswa okufanele nemithamo nangezinyathelo zokuvikela ezidingekayo, lolu hlobo lwemisebe lunokusetshenziswa okuningi okuzuzisayo, njengokukhiqiza amandla, ezimbonini, ocwaningweni nasekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene, njengomdlavuza.Nakuba ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yokuvikela imisebe kanye nokuvikela imisebe kuwumthwalo kazwelonke, i-IAEA inikeza ukwesekwa kubenzi bomthetho nabalawuli ngohlelo oluphelele lwamazinga okuphepha omhlaba wonke okuhloswe ngawo ukuvikela abasebenzi neziguli kanye namalungu omphakathi kanye nemvelo kulokho okungase kube khona. imiphumela eyingozi yemisebe ye-ionizing.
Imisebe ye-non-ionizing kanye ne-ionizing ine-wavelength ehlukene, ehlobene ngokuqondile namandla ayo.(Imininingwane: Adriana Vargas/IAEA).
Isayensi ngemuva kokubola kwe-radioactive kanye nemisebe ewumphumela
Inqubo lapho i-athomu ye-radioactive iba khona ukuzinza ngokukhulula izinhlayiya namandla ibizwa ngokuthi "ukubola kwe-radioactive".(Imininingwane: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Imisebe ye-ionizing ingavela, ngokwesibonelo,ama-athomu angaqinile (ama-radioactive).njengoba bedlulela esimweni esizinzile ngenkathi bekhulula amandla.
Ama-athomu amaningi eMhlabeni azinzile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwakheka okulinganayo nokuzinzile kwezinhlayiya (ama-neutron nama-proton) phakathi nendawo (noma i-nucleus).Nokho, kwezinye izinhlobo zama-athomu angazinzile, ukwakheka kwenani lama-proton ne-neutron ku-nucleus yawo akuwavumeli ukuba abambe lezo zinhlayiya ndawonye.Ama-athomu anjalo angazinzile abizwa ngokuthi “ama-athomu emisebe”.Lapho ama-athomu anemisebe enemisebe ebola, akhulula amandla ngendlela yemisebe ye-ionizing (isibonelo izinhlayiya ze-alpha, izinhlayiya ze-beta, imisebe ye-gamma noma ama-neutron), okuthi, lapho eboshelwe ngokuphephile futhi esetshenziswa, angakhiqiza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2022