E-United States, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zama-reactors ama-pressurized water reactor (PWR) kanti amanye ama-boiling water reactors (BWR).Emshinini wokuphendula amanzi abilayo, oboniswe ngenhla, amanzi avunyelwe ukuba abile abe isitimu, bese ethunyelwa nge-turbine ukukhiqiza ugesi.
Kuma-reactors amanzi acindezelwe, amanzi angaphakathi aphethwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi awavunyelwe ukubilisa.Ukushisa kudluliselwa emanzini angaphandle komgogodla ngesishintshi sokushisa (esibizwa nangokuthi i-steam generator), ukubilisa amanzi angaphandle, ukukhiqiza isitimu, kanye nokunika amandla i-turbine.Kuma-reactors amanzi acindezelwe, amanzi abilisiwe ahlukene nenqubo ye-fission, ngakho awabi yi-radioactive.
Ngemuva kokuthi isitimu sesisetshenziswe ukunika amandla i-turbine, iyapholiswa ukuze ibuyele emanzini.Ezinye izitshalo zisebenzisa amanzi emifuleni, emachibini noma olwandle ukupholisa isitimu, kanti ezinye zisebenzisa imibhoshongo emide yokupholisa.Imibhoshongo yokupholisa emise okwe-hourglass iwuphawu olujwayelekile lwezitshalo eziningi zenuzi.Kuwo wonke amayunithi kagesi akhiqizwa isikhungo samandla enuzi, cishe amayunithi amabili okushisa okulahlwayo anqatshelwa endaweni ezungezile.
Izimboni zamandla enuzi ezentengiselwano zihluka ngosayizi ukusuka kumamegawathi angaba ngu-60 esizukulwaneni sokuqala sezitshalo ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1960, kuya ngaphezu kwamamegawathi ayi-1000.Izitshalo eziningi ziqukethe i-reactor engaphezu kweyodwa.Imboni yase-Palo Verde e-Arizona, isibonelo, yakhiwe ama-reactor amathathu ahlukene, ngayinye inamandla angu-1,334 megawatts.
Eminye imiklamo ye-reactor yangaphandle isebenzisa izipholile ngaphandle kwamanzi ukuthwala ukushisa kwe-fission kude nomgogodla.Ama-reactor aseCanada asebenzisa amanzi alayishwe i-deuterium (abizwa ngokuthi "amanzi asindayo"), kanti amanye ayigesi epholile.Esinye isitshalo e-Colorado, manje esivalwe unomphela, sasebenzisa igesi ye-helium njengesibambiso (esibizwa ngokuthi i-High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor).Izitshalo ezimbalwa zisebenzisa insimbi ewuketshezi noma i-sodium.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2022