Esikhathini lapho ukuvikeleka nokuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu, isidingo sokutholwa kwemisebe ephumelelayo asikaze sibe bucayi kakhulu. Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu kulesi sizinda yi-I-Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM).Le divayisi eyinkimbinkimbi idlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni nasekuhlonzeni izinto ezikhipha imisebe, iqinisekise ukuthi kokubili abantu nendawo ezungezile kuhlala kuphephile ezingozini ezingaba khona. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi i-radiation portal monitor isebenza kanjani, izingxenye zayo, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuqonda ama-Radiation Portal Monitors
Ama-Radiation Portal Monitors amasistimu akhethekile aklanyelwe ukuthola imisebe ye-gamma ne-neutron njengoba abantu noma izimoto zidlula kuwo. Lawa mamonitha ngokuvamile afakwa ezindaweni ezinamasu ezifana nokuwela imingcele, izikhumulo zezindiza, nezindawo zenuzi. Umgomo oyinhloko we-RPM ukukhomba ukushushumbiswa okungekho emthethweni kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe, njengokuthiCesium-137,okungase kube usongo ekuphepheni komphakathi.
Izingxenye ze-Radiation Portal Monitor
Isiqapha esijwayelekile sephothali yemisebe siqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholwa okunembile nokukalwa kwamaleveli emisebe:
1. Izinzwa Zokubona: Inhliziyo yanoma iyiphiRPMizinzwa zayo zokutholwa. Lezi zinzwa ziklanyelwe ukukala ukushuba kwemisebe ekhishwa ezintweni ezidlula kuphothali. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezinzwa ezisetshenziswa kuma-RPM zifaka phakathi izitholi ze-scintillation, ama-scintillator epulasitiki ukuze athole imisebe engu-γ, kanti ezinye zifakwe ne-sodium iodide (NaI) kanye nezibali ezilinganiselwe zegesi ze-He-3 zokuhlonza i-nuclide nokutholwa kwe-neutron. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo futhi lukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zendawo yokuqapha.
2. Iyunithi Yokucutshungulwa Kwedatha: Uma izinzwa ezibonayo sezicosha imisebe, idatha ithunyelwa eyunithi yokucubungula. Le yunithi ihlaziya amasignali atholwe kuzinzwa futhi inquma ukuthi ingabe amazinga emisebe ayawedlula yini ama-threshold achazwe ngaphambilini. Iyunithi yokucubungula ifakwe ama-algorithms angahlukanisa phakathi kwemisebe yangemuva evamile kanye namazinga angaba yingozi emisebe.
3. Uhlelo Lwe-alamu: Uma iyunithi yokucubungula idatha ikhomba amazinga emisebe adlula umkhawulo wokuphepha, icupha i-alamu. Le alamu ingaba ebonakalayo (efana nezibani ezikhanyayo) noma izwakale (njengama-siren), ixwayisa abasebenzi bezokuphepha ukuthi baphenye kabanzi. Isistimu ye-alamu iyingxenye ebalulekile, njengoba iqinisekisa ukusabela okusheshayo ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona.
4. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi: Ama-RPM amaningi afika nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esivumela opharetha ukuthi baqaphe idatha yesikhathi sangempela, babuyekeze idatha yomlando, futhi balungiselele izilungiselelo. Lesi sixhumanisi sibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo futhi sisiza abasebenzi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqwe.
5. Ukunikezwa kwamandla: Iziqapha zephothali yemisebe zidinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ama-RPM amaningi esimanje aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngamandla kagesi ajwayelekile, kodwa amanye angase futhi afake amasistimu ebhethri ayisipele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo phakathi nokucisha kukagesi.
Asebenza Kanjani Ama-Radiation Portal Monitors
Ukusebenza kwe-a I-radiation portal monitor ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
1. Ukutholwa: Njengoba umuntu noma imoto isondela ku-RPM, izinzwa zokubona ziqala ukukala amazinga emisebe aphuma entweni. Izinzwa ziyaqhubeka nokuskena imisebe ye-gamma ne-neutron, okuyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemisebe ehlobene nezinto ezikhipha imisebe.
2. Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha: Amasignali atholwe izinzwa zokubona athunyelwa kuyunithi yokucubungula idatha. Lapha, idatha ihlaziywa ngesikhathi sangempela. Iyunithi yokucubungula iqhathanisa amaleveli emisebe atholiwe ngokumelene nemikhawulo emisiwe ukuze kutholwe ukuthi amaleveli avamile yini noma ayizinkomba zokusongela okungaba khona.
3. Ukwenza kusebenze i-alamu: Uma amazinga emisebe edlula umkhawulo wokuphepha, iyunithi yokucubungula idatha yenza isistimu ye-alamu isebenze. Lesi sexwayiso sikhuthaza abasebenzi bezokuphepha ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha, esingase sifake ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe komuntu noma imoto okukhulunywa ngayo.
4. Ukusabela Nophenyo: Lapho bethola i-alamu, izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ngokuvamile zizokwenza ukuhlola kwesibili zisebenzisa amadivaysi aphathwayo okuthola imisebe. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba khona kwezinto ezinomsakazo kanye nokunquma impendulo efanele.
Izicelo zama-Radiation Portal Monitors
Iziqaphi zephothali yemisebe zisetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene, ngasinye sinezidingo nezinselele ezihlukile:
1. Ukuphepha Kwemingcele:Ama-RPMzivame ukusetshenziswa emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe. Basiza izinhlangano ezivikela amasiko nemingcele ukuba zibone izinsongo ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuba zingene ezweni.
2. Izinsiza Zenuzi: Ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi nasezikhungweni zokucwaninga, ama-RPM abalulekile ekuqapheni ukuhamba kwezinto. Baqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezikhipha imisebe ziphathwa ngokuphepha nokuthi ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuyavinjelwa.
3. Izizinda Zezokuthutha: Izikhumulo zezindiza namachweba zisebenzisa ama-RPM ukuze zihlole impahla kanye nabagibeli ukuze babone izinto ezikhipha imisebe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumongo wokuphepha komhlaba wonke kanye nokuvimbela ubuphekula.
4. Imicimbi Yomphakathi: Imibuthano emikhulu, njengamakhonsathi noma imicimbi yezemidlalo, ingase futhi isebenzise ama-RPM ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwababekhona. Laba baqaphi basiza ukuthola noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingase zivele ngokuba khona kwezinto ezikhipha imisebe.
Ama-portal monitors angamathuluzi abalulekile emzamweni oqhubekayo wokuvikela impilo nokuphepha komphakathi. Ngokuthola ngempumelelo kanye nokuhlonza izinto ezikhipha imisebe,Ama-RPMidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa eziyingozi ngokungemthetho. Ukuqonda ukuthi laba baqaphi basebenza kanjani, kusukela ezingxenyeni zabo kuya ezinhlelweni zabo zokusebenza, kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwabo emhlabeni lapho ukuphepha kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singalindela ukuthi amasistimu okuthola imisebe abe yinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu, athuthukise nakakhulu ikhono lethu lokuzivikela kanye nendawo esihlala kuyo ezingozini zokukhishwa kwemisebe ezingaba khona.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2025